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شناخت، تعادل و گامبرداری در سالمندان مبتلا به دمانس: یک رویکرد شناختی حرکتی برای کاهش خطر افتادن | |
رفتار حرکتی | |
مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 24، شهریور 1395، صفحه 73-94 اصل مقاله (1.24 M) | |
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | |
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22089/mbj.2016.757 | |
نویسندگان | |
علی حیرانی1؛ امیر وزینی طاهر* 2؛ محمد تقی آقدسی3؛ ناصر بهپور4 | |
1استادیار دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | |
2دانشجوی دکترای دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | |
3دانشیار دانشگاه تبریز | |
4دانشیار دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | |
چکیده | |
هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی تأثیر تمرینات شناختی حرکتی در بهبود شناخت، تعادل و گام برداری است که پیشتر به عنوان عوامل خطرزای افتادن معرفی شدهاند. مداخله تمرینی با رویکرد شناختی حرکتی به مدت 3 ماه با پیگیری دو ماهه روی 40 سالمند در دو گروه افراد مبتلا به دمانس (20) و افراد دارای وضعیت شناختی طبیعی (20) انجام شد. از این تعداد نیمی مرد و نیم دیگر زن بودند. ارزیابیها شامل تجزیه و تحلیل عوامل خطرزای افتادن (گام برداری، تعادل و وضعیت شناختی) به علاوۀ ارزیابی متغیرهای افتادن و شاخصهای عملکردی بود. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان داد که آزمودنیهای مبتلا به دمانس بهبود معنیداری در پارامترهای مختلف شناخت، تعادل و گام برداری پس از دوره مداخله داشتند که در 2 ماه پیگیری نیز حفظ شد. این بهبودها با کاهش افتادن و ترس از افتادن و نیز عملکرد بهبود یافته در آزمونهای برخاستن و حرکت کردن زماندار و دسترسی عملکردی همراه بود (05/0>P). همچنین همبستگی متوسطی بین یکی از پارامترهای تعادل (مسافت نوسان COP در محور AP) با سابقه افتادن برای گروه دمانس مشاهده شد (75/0=r، 05/0>P). یافته ها بیان کنندۀ کاهش معنیداری در خطر افتادن در این قشر آسیب پذیر در نتیجۀ بهبود عوامل خطرزای افتادن حاصل از مداخله بود. بهبود در این عوامل با تعداد افتادن های کمتر که توسط پرستاران و خود سالمندان گزارش شد همراه بود. این مطالعه میتواند به توسعه یک رویکرد جدید برای پیشگیری و مقابله با خطر افتادن در سالمندان دارای اختلال شناختی کمک کند. | |
کلیدواژهها | |
دمانس؛ تمرینات شناختی حرکتی؛ توانبخشی؛ افتادن | |
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