اله وردی, هاجر, فرامرزی, محمد. (1403). فعالیت ورزشی و سلامت مغز در سالمندی: نقش محور عضله-مغز در بهبود عملکردهای شناختی. , 16(63), 67-94. doi: 10.22089/spj.2025.17632.2350
هاجر اله وردی; محمد فرامرزی. "فعالیت ورزشی و سلامت مغز در سالمندی: نقش محور عضله-مغز در بهبود عملکردهای شناختی". , 16, 63, 1403, 67-94. doi: 10.22089/spj.2025.17632.2350
اله وردی, هاجر, فرامرزی, محمد. (1403). 'فعالیت ورزشی و سلامت مغز در سالمندی: نقش محور عضله-مغز در بهبود عملکردهای شناختی', , 16(63), pp. 67-94. doi: 10.22089/spj.2025.17632.2350
اله وردی, هاجر, فرامرزی, محمد. فعالیت ورزشی و سلامت مغز در سالمندی: نقش محور عضله-مغز در بهبود عملکردهای شناختی. , 1403; 16(63): 67-94. doi: 10.22089/spj.2025.17632.2350

فعالیت ورزشی و سلامت مغز در سالمندی: نقش محور عضله-مغز در بهبود عملکردهای شناختی

فیزیولوژی ورزشی
دوره 16، شماره 63، مهر 1403، صفحه 67-94    اصل مقاله (1.1 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22089/spj.2025.17632.2350
نویسندگان
هاجر اله وردی1؛ محمد فرامرزی* 2
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2استاد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
سالمندی با افزایش خطر زوال شناختی همراه است. فعالیت‌های ورزشی نقش مهمی در حفظ و بهبود سلامت شناختی سالمندان دارند. شواهد موجود نشان می‌دهند که فعالیت‌های ورزشی مختلف ازجمله فعالیت‎های مقاومتی، هوازی و تمرینات ذهن- بدن می‌توانند موجب بهبودی درخور‌توجهی در حافظه، یادگیری و سایر توانایی‌های شناختی در سالمندان شوند. فعالیت‌های ورزشی با افزایش سطوح عوامل رشد عصبی مرتبط هستند که این عوامل در شکل‎پذیری سیناپس‌ها و بقای نورون‌ها نقش کلیدی ایفا می‌کنند. علاوه ‎بر این، محور عضله- مغز به‌عنوان یک مسیر حیاتی در ارتباط بین فعالیت‌های ورزشی و عملکرد شناختی مطرح است. میوکاین‎های ترشحی از عضلات به مغز می‌توانند از طریق بهبود جریان خون مغزی، کاهش التهاب عصبی، افزایش سلامت میتوکندری و تقویت انعطاف‌پذیری عصبی به حفظ و ارتقای عملکردهای شناختی در سنین بالا کمک کنند. این مقاله مروری، تأثیر انواع فعالیت‎های ورزشی بر عملکردهای شناختی و برخی سازوکارهای سلولی و مولکولی مربوط را در سالمندان بررسی کرد. درمجموع به نظر می‌رسد که فعالیت‌های ورزشی ترکیبی می‌تواند به‌عنوان رویکردی پیشگیرانه و مؤثر در برابر زوال شناختی و بیماری‌های تخریبی عصب ناشی ‎از سالمندی مؤثر باشد؛ بااین‌حال، هنوز نوع، شدت و حجم بهینه فعالیت‌های ورزشی برای دستیابی به حداکثر آثار شناختی مشخص نیست و به انجام تحقیقات بیشتری برای تعیین دستورالعمل‌های ورزشی بهینه نیاز است. علاوه ‎براین، بررسی عمیق‌تر سازوکارهای سلولی، مولکولی و عصبی مرتبط با اثرات فعالیت ورزشی بر عملکردهای شناختی در سالمندان نیازمند پژوهش‌های بیشتری است تا برنامه‌های ورزشی بهینه به‌منظور بهبود کیفیت زندگی سالمندان توسعه یابد.
 
کلیدواژه‌ها
فعالیت ورزشی؛ عملکرد شناختی؛ محور عضله-مغز؛ سالمندی
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