ویژگیها و مهارتهای روانشناختی بانوان نخبه کاراته در سه مرحلهی شروع، رشد و تسلط
مطالعات روانشناسی ورزشی
مقاله 6 ، دوره 13، شماره 47 ، فروردین 1403، صفحه 79-100 اصل مقاله (1.2 M )
نوع مقاله: مطالعه پژوهشی اصیل
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22089/spsyj.2024.15623.2434
نویسندگان
مریم داوری 1 ؛ مهین عقدایی* 2 ؛ ابراهیم متشرعی 1
1 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 تهران. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
هدف این پژوهش تعیین ویژگیها و مهارتهای روانشناختی بانوان تیم ملی کاراته ایران در سه مرحلهی شروع نخبگی ، توسعه نخبگی و تسلط در نخبگی می-باشد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع مطالعات ترکیبی (کیفی-کمی) بود است . در این پژوهش جمع آوری اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه، شرکت در کارگاه و همچنین ارائه چک لیست اولویت بندی ویزگی ها و مهارت های روانی بود که با مصاحبه از ورزشکاران نخبه در مرحله شروع نخبگی توسط مادران ودر مرحله توسعه و تسلط نخبگی توسط خود ورزشکاران نخبه تکمیل گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل و تفسیر دادهها از تحلیل دادههای تماتیک (موضوعی) استفاده شد. همچنین نمونه گیری این پژوهش تا رسیدن به مرحله اشباع نظری ادامه یافت که در این پژوهش 22 نفر از ورزشکاران تیم ملی کاراته بانوان شرکت داشتند که در سه گروه تقسیم بندی شدند. این سه گروه شامل گروه اول مرحله شروع نخبگی شامل 10 نفر از مادران و دختران ،گروه دوم شش نفر از ورزشکاران درسطح توسعه نخبگی ، گروه سوم شش نفر از ورزشکاران نخبه در سطح تسلط نخبگی بودند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل تماتیک مصاحبههای مربوط به گروه شروع بیانگر دستیابی به مضمون اصلی «ایجاد پایه ای از ویژگیهای روانی» است. همچنین در گروه دوم (توسعه نخبگی )نتایج حاصل از مصاحبهها بیانگر دستیابی به مضمون اصلی «توسعه اولیه مهارتها و ویژگیهای روانشناختی عملکرد» بود است . نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مصاحبه-های مربوط به گروه تسلط نیز بیانگر دستیابی به مضمون اصلی «توسعه و اصلاح مهارتهای روانی متمرکز برعملکرد » بوده است .
کلیدواژهها
اوج عملکرد ؛ توسعه استعداد ؛ کاراته ؛ مهارتهای روانشناختی ؛ ویژگیهای روانشناختی
مراجع
Amin, A., & Pirani, M. A. (2011). An introduction to karate – track & field with an emphasis on the scientific-research foundations of karate . Tehran: Nersi Publications (In Persian).
Behncke, L. (2004). Mental skills training for sports: A brief review. Athletic Insight: Online J ournal of Sport Psychol ogy , 6 , 1-24.
Blijlevens, S. J., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Wylleman, P., Bool, K., & Visscher, C. (2018). Psychological characteristics and skills of top-level Dutch gymnasts in the initiation, development and mastery stages of the athletic career. Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 38 , 202-210.
Blijlevens, S. J., Wylleman, P., Bool, K., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2019). Acquisition and maintenance of excellence: the challenges faced by Dutch top-level gymnasts throughout different stages of athletic development. Sport in Society , 23 (4), 577-594.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology , 3 (2), 77-101.
Butt, J., Weinberg, R., & Culp, B. (2010). Exploring mental toughness in NCAA athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport , 3 (2), 316-332.
Caruso, A. (2005). Sports psychology basics . Pensylvania: Reedswain Inc.
Cook, C., Crust, L., Littlewood, M., Nesti, M., & Allen-Collinson, J. (2014). ‘What it takes’: Perceptions of mental toughness and its development in an English Premier League Soccer Academy. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health , 6 (3), 329-347.
Cumming, J., & Hall, C. (2002). Deliberate imagery practice: the development of imagery skills in competitive athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 (2), 137-145.
Cumming, J., Hall, C., & Shambrook, C. (2004). The influence of an imagery workshop on athletes’ use of imagery. Athletic Insight , 6 (1), 52-73.
Dohme, L. C., Backhouse, S., Piggott, D., & Morgan, G. (2017). Categorising and defining popular psychological terms used within the youth athlete talent development literature: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 10 (1), 134-163
Dohme, L. C., Piggott, D., Backhouse, S., & Morgan, G. (2019). Psychological skills and characteristics facilitative of youth athletes’ development: A systematic review. The Sport Psychologist , 33(4), 261-275.
Doria, C., Veicsteinas, A., Limonta, E., Maggioni, M. A., Aschieri, P., Eusebi, F., ..., & Pietrangelo, T. (2009). Energetics of karate (kata and kumite techniques) in top-level athletes. European Journal of A pplied P hysiology , 107 (5), 603-610.
Edwards, D. J., & Steyn, B. J. (2008). Sport psychological skills training and psychological well-being. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation , 30 (1), 15-28
Esfahani, N., & Ghezelseflo, H. (2013). Comparison of psychological skills of Elite and non-Elite Karate ka and its relation with athletes’ performance. Journal of Psychological Studies , 9 (1), 109-120. (In Persian).
Feltz, D. L. (2007). Self-confidence and sports performance. In D. Smith, & M. Bar-Eli (Eds.), Essential readings in sport and exercise psychology (pp. 278–294). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 14 (3), 172-204.
Gregg, M., Hall, C., McGowan, E., & Hall, N. (2011). The relationship between imagery ability and imagery use among athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 23 (2), 129-141.
Hardy, J., Gammage, K., & Hall, C. (2001). A descriptive study of athlete self-talk. The sport psychologist , 15 (3), 306-318.
Hazell, J., Cotterill, S. T., & Hill, D. M. (2014). An exploration of pre-performance routines, self-efficacy, anxiety and performance in semi-professional soccer. European Journal of Sport Science , 14 (6), 603-610.
Holt, N. L., & Mitchell, T. (2006). Talent development in English professional soccer. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37 (2/3), 77–98.
Howells, K. (2017). Butterflies, magic carpets, and scary wild animals: An intervention with a young gymnast. Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 26–37
Iide, K., Imamura, H., Yoshimura, Y., Yamashita, A., Miyahara, K., Miyamoto, N., & Moriwaki, C. (2008). Physiological responses of simulated karate sparring matches in young men and boys. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research , 22 (3), 839-844.
Jooste, J., Van Wyk, J. G., & Steyn, B. J. (2013). The relationship between mental skills and level of cricket participation. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance , 19 (1), 180-192.
Kayani, S., Kiyani, T., Wang, J., Zagalaz Sánchez, M. L., Kayani, S., & Qurban, H. (2018). Physical activity and academic performance: The mediating effect of self-
esteem and depression. Sustainability , 10 (10), 3633.
Kent, M. (2006). Oxford dictionary of sports science and medicine (3rd ). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Khanjari, Y., Arab Ameri, E., Garooei, R., Motashareei, E., & Hemayattalab, R. (2013). The effect of a course of psychological skills training (PST) Program on selected mental skills and the performance of teenager female taekwondo athletes of Iranian National Team. Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior , 3 (5), 25-34. (In Persian).
Kudlackova, K., Eccles, D. W., & Dieffenbach, K. (2013). Use of relaxation skills in differentially skilled athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 14 (4), 468-475.
Larsen, C., Alfermann, D., & Christensen, M. (2012). Psychosocial skills in a youth soccer academy: A holistic ecological perspective. Sport Science Review , XXI (3-4), 51-61.
Macnamara, A., Button, A., & Collins, D. (2010a). The role of psychological characteristics in facilitating the pathway to elite performance part 1: Identifying mental skills and behaviors. The Sport Psychologist , 24 (1), 52–73.
Mills, A., Butt, J., Maynard, I., & Harwood, C. (2012). Identifying factors perceived to influence the development of elite youth football academy players. Journal of Sports Sciences , 30 (15), 1593-1604.
Nishiyama, H., Brown, R. Karate: The art of empty hand fighting: The groundbreaking work on Karate . Vermint: Tuttle Publishing.
Olusoga, P., Maynard, I., Butt, J., & Hays, K. (2014). Coaching under pressure: Mental skills training for sports coaches. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review , 10 (3), 31-44.
Pankow, K., Mosewich, A. D., McHugh, T. L. F., & Holt, N. L. (2021). The role of mental health protection and promotion among flourishing Canadian university sport coaches. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology , 11 (1), 28-43.
Rees, T., Hardy, L., Güllich, A., Abernethy, B., Côté, J., Woodman, T., ..., & Warr, C. (2016). The great British medalists project: a review of current knowledge on the development of the world’s best sporting talent. Sports Medicine , 46 (8), 1041-1058.
Salmela, J. H. (1994). Phases and transitions across sport careers. In D. Hackfort (Ed.), Psycho-social issues and interventions in elite sports (pp. 11-28). Frankfurt, Germany: Lang.
Taylor, J., & Collins, D. (2019). Shoulda, coulda, didnae—why don't high-potential players make it? The Sport Psychologist , 33 (2), 85–96.
Van Raalte, J. L., & Vincent, A. (2017). Self-talk in sport and performance. In Oxford research encyclopedia of psychology https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.157
Vesković, A., Koropanovski, N., Dopsaj, M., & Jovanović, S. (2019). Effects of a psychological skill training program on anxiety levels in top karate athletes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte , 25 , 418-422.
Woodcock, C., Holland, M. J., Duda, J. L., & Cumming, J. (2011). Psychological qualities of elite adolescent rugby players: Parents, coaches, and sport administration staff perceptions and supporting roles. The Sport Psychologist , 25 (4), 411-443.
Yadi Tabar, H. (2012). The effect of emotional intelligence training on the mental skills of skilled and beginner karate athletes (Unpublished masters’s thesis). Razi Universiry, Kermanshah (In Persian).
Young, K. D., & Lewis, R. J. (1997). What is confidence? Part 2: detailed definition and determination of confidence intervals. Annals of Emergency Medicine , 30 (3), 311-318.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 49
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 50