- Achenbach T. M., Rescorla L. A. (2007). Mulicultural understanding of child and adolescent sychopathology: Implications for mental health assessment (4th ed). New York: Guilford Press. P. 253-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9229-8
- American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5™. VA American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_179660
- Beery, S. H., Quay, H. C., & Pelham Jr, W. E. (2017). Differential response to methylphenidate in inattentive and combined subtype ADHD. Journal of attention disorders, 21(1), 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712469256
- Beik, M., NezakatAlhosseini, M., & Abedi, A. (2019). Validity and reliability measurement of the cognitive-motor functions test in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation, 8(1), 66-75. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22038/jpsr.2019.25981.1692
- Beik, M., Nezakatalhosseini, M., & Abedi, A. (2018). Effects of yoga practice on motor functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sport Psychology Studies, 7(24), 1-15. In Persian https://doi.org/10.22089/spsyj.2017.4288.1444
- Bussing, R., Fernandez, M., Harwood, M., Hou, W., Garvan, C. W., Eyberg, S. M., & Swanson, J. M. (2008). Parent and teacher SNAP-IV ratings of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: psychometric properties and normative ratings from a school district sample. Assessment, 15(3), 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313888
- Chan, Y. S., Jang, J. T., & Ho, C. S. (2022). Effects of physical exercise on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biomedical journal, 45(2), 265-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2021.11.011
- Chang, Y. K., Liu, S., Yu, H. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2012). Effect of acute exercise on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of clinical neuropsychology, 27(2), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acr094
- Choi, J. W., Han, D. H., Kang, K. D., Jung, H. Y., & Renshaw, P. F. (2015). Aerobic exercise and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: brain research. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 47(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000373
- Chou, C. C., & Huang, C. J. (2017). Effects of an 8-week yoga program on sustained attention and discrimination function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PeerJ, 5, e2883. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2883
- Christiansen, L., Beck, M. M., Bilenberg, N., Wienecke, J., Astrup, A., & Lundbye-Jensen, J. (2019). Effects of exercise on cognitive performance in children and adolescents with ADHD: potential mechanisms and evidence-based recommendations. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(6), 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060841
- Clavenna, A., & Bonati, M. (2014). Safety of medicines used for ADHD in children: a review of published prospective clinical trials. Archives of disease in childhood, 99(9), 866-872. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-304170
- Cohen, S. C., Harvey, D. J., Shields, R. H., Shields, G. S., Rashedi, R. N., Tancredi, D. J., ... & Schweitzer, J. B. (2018). The effects of yoga on attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in pre-school age children with ADHD symptoms. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics, 39(3), 200. https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000552
- Cortese, S. (2012). The neurobiology and genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): what every clinician should know. European journal of paediatric neurology, 16(5), 422-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.01.009
- Dastamooz, S., Sadeghi-Bahmani, D., Farahani, M. H., Wong, S. H., Yam, J. C., Tham, C. C., & Sit, C. H. (2023). The efficacy of physical exercise interventions on mental health, cognitive function, and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD: an umbrella review. EClinicalMedicine, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102137
- Dietz, V. (1996). Interaction between central programs and afferent input in the control of posture and locomotion. Journal of biomechanics, 29(7), 841-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00175-1
- Faber Taylor, A., & Kuo, F. E. (2009). Children with attention deficits concentrate better after walk in the park. Journal of attention disorders, 12(5), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054708323000
- Faraone, S. V. (2014). Advances in the genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 76(8), 599-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.016
- Ghodratnama, A., Heidarinejad, S., & Davoodi, I. (2013). The relationship between socio–economic status and the rate of physical activity in Shahid Chamran University Students of Ahwaz. Sport Management Journal, 5(16), 5-20. In Persian
- Hagen, I., & Nayar, U. S. (2014). Yoga for children and young people’s mental health and well-being: research review and reflections on the mental health potentials of yoga. Frontiers in psychiatry, 5, 78607. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00035
- Huang, H., Jin, Z., He, C., Guo, S., Zhang, Y., & Quan, M. (2023). Chronic exercise for core symptoms and executive functions in ADHD: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 151(1), e2022057745. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057745
- Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature reviews neuroscience, 9(1), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2298
- Hooper et al. (2004). The effect of graded forward and backward walking on heart rate and oxygen consumption. journal of Orthopaedic & sport physical therapy, 34(2), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2004.0883
- Isaac, V., Lopez, V., & Escobar, M. J. (2024). Arousal dysregulation and executive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1336040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1336040
- Ivanenko, Y. P., Cappellini, G., Poppele, R. E., & Lacquaniti, F. (2008). Spatiotemporal organization of α‐motoneuron activity in the human spinal cord during different gaits and gait transitions. European Journal of Neuroscience, 27(12), 3351-3368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06289.x
- Janthi, S., Arumugam, N., & Parasher, R. K. (2021). Effectiveness of structured exercises on motor skills, physical fitness and attention in children with ADHD compared to typically developing children-A pilot study. Eneurologicalsci, 24, 100357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100357
- Jiang, K., Xu, Y., Li, Y., Li, L., Yang, M., & Xue, P. (2022). How aerobic exercise improves executive function in ADHD children: A resting‐state fMRI study. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 82(4), 295-302. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.10177
- Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology, 28(4).
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
- Liang, X., Qiu, H., Wang, P., & Sit, C. H. (2022). The impacts of a combined exercise on executive function in children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 32(8), 1297-1312. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14192
- Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Mücke, M., Brand, S., Weber, P., Brotzmann, M., & Pühse, U. (2020). The acute effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive flexibility and task-related heart rate variability in children with ADHD and healthy controls. Journal of attention disorders, 24(5), 693-703. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054718757647
- Mahone, E. M. (2011). ADHD: Volumetry, motor, and oculomotor functions. Behavioral neuroscience of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its treatment, 17-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2011_146
- Medina, J. A., Netto, T. L., Muszkat, M., Medina, A. C., Botter, D., Orbetelli, R., ... & Miranda, M. C. (2010). Exercise impact on sustained attention of ADHD children, methylphenidate effects. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2(1), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-009-0018-y
- Melnychuk, M. C., Dockree, P. M., O'Connell, R. G., Murphy, P. R., Balsters, J. H., & Robertson, I. H. (2018). Coupling of respiration and attention via the locus coeruleus: Effects of meditation and pranayama. Psychophysiology, 55(9), e13091. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13091
- Neudecker, C., Mewes, N., Reimers, A. K., & Woll, A. (2019). Exercise interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review. Journal of attention disorders, 23(4), 307-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715584053
- Pan, C. Y., Chang, Y. K., Tsai, C. L., Chu, C. H., Cheng, Y. W., & Sung, M. C. (2017). Effects of physical activity intervention on motor proficiency and physical fitness in children with ADHD: An exploratory study. Journal of attention disorders, 21(9), 783-795. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714533192
- Prince, J. (2008). Catecholamine dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an update. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 28(3), S39-S45. https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e318174f92a
- Regnaux, J. P., Robertson, J., Smail, D. B., Daniel, O., & Bussel, B. (2006). Human treadmill walking needs attention. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-3-19
- Rommel, A. S., Halperin, J. M., Mill, J., Asherson, P., & Kuntsi, J. (2013). Protection from genetic diathesis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: possible complementary roles of exercise. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(9), 900-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.018
- Shams, A., Eslami Nosratabadi, M., Sangari, M., & Mirmoezzi, M. (2021). Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Combined With Physi-cal Exercise on Sustained, Selective, and Alternating attention in School-aged Girls Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 27 (3): 276-287. In Persian https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.32598/ijpcp.27.3.3342.1
- van Deursen, R. W., Flynn, T. W., McCrory, J. L., & Morag, E. (1998). Does a single control mechanism exist for both forward and backward walking? Gait & Posture, 7(3), 214-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(98)00007-1
- Viggiano, D., Travaglio, M., Cacciola, G., & Di Costanzo, A. (2015). Effect of backward walking on attention: possible application on ADHD. Translational Medicine, 11, 48.
- Wigal, S. B., Emmerson, N., Gehricke, J. G., & Galassetti, P. (2013). Exercise: applications to childhood ADHD. Journal of attention disorders, 17(4), 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712454192
- Wigal, S. B., Nemet, D., Swanson, J. M., Regino, R., Trampush, J., Ziegler, M. G., & Cooper, D. M. (2003). Catecholamine response to exercise in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatric research, 53(5), 756-761. https://doi.org/10.1203/01.pdr.0000061750.71168.23
- Wilcutt, E. G. (2012). The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics, 9(3), 490-499.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8
- Zuo, E., Zhang, Y., Yu, Q., Guo, T., Jiao, C., Yu, Y., ... & Zou, L. (2020). Mind-body exercises (Yoga/Tai Chi) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A quantitative evidence of experimental studies. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 22(4), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2020.014552
|