پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی

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رحمتی, مسعود, مهرابی فرد, حدیث. (1402). نقش هسته‌های عضلانی در حافظه و سازگاری‌های عضلانی. , 15(59), 59-80. doi: 10.22089/spj.2024.14534.2240
مسعود رحمتی; حدیث مهرابی فرد. "نقش هسته‌های عضلانی در حافظه و سازگاری‌های عضلانی". , 15, 59, 1402, 59-80. doi: 10.22089/spj.2024.14534.2240
رحمتی, مسعود, مهرابی فرد, حدیث. (1402). 'نقش هسته‌های عضلانی در حافظه و سازگاری‌های عضلانی', , 15(59), pp. 59-80. doi: 10.22089/spj.2024.14534.2240
رحمتی, مسعود, مهرابی فرد, حدیث. نقش هسته‌های عضلانی در حافظه و سازگاری‌های عضلانی. , 1402; 15(59): 59-80. doi: 10.22089/spj.2024.14534.2240

نقش هسته‌های عضلانی در حافظه و سازگاری‌های عضلانی

فیزیولوژی ورزشی
دوره 15، شماره 59، مهر 1402، صفحه 59-80    اصل مقاله (875.07 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22089/spj.2024.14534.2240
نویسندگان
مسعود رحمتی* 1؛ حدیث مهرابی فرد2
1استاد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران.
2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران
چکیده
اهداف: عضله اسکلتی شکل‌‌پذیری بسیار بالایی جهت سازگاری با محرک‌هایی نظیر فعالیت انقباضی، شرایط بارگذاری (بی باری، بی تحرکی، بیماری و فضانوردی)، مداخلات تغذیه‌ای و عوامل محیطی دارد. عضله اسکلتی قابلیت منحصربه فردی دارد که به آن این امکان را می‌دهد که فعالیت انقباضی مزمن قبلی خود را به خاطر بیاورد و در پاسخ به دوره تمرینی مجدد، حتی بعد از یک دوره طولانی مدت بی‌تمرینی، رشد و سازگاری سریع‌تری را از خود نشان دهد. دانشمندان این پدیده را حافظه عضلانی نامیده اند. مطالعات اولیه این پدیده را به یادگیری حرکتی از طریق سیستم عصبی مرکزی نسبت دادند، اما مطالعات بعدی پیشنهاد کردند که حافظه عضلانی ممکن است با محتوای هسته‌های عضله اسکلتی ارتباط داشته باشد. یکی از سازوکارهای احتمالی این است که دوره اولیه تمرین ورزشی منجر به افزایش هسته‌های عضلانی می شود و این هسته‌ها حتی به دنبال یک دوره طولانی مدت بی‌تمرینی در عضله اسکلتی پایدار باقی می‌مانند. به دنبال دوره تمرین مجدد، عضله‌ای که هسته‌های آن در دوره تمرینی اولیه افزایش یافته‌اند، می‌تواند رشد کارآمدتری داشته باشد و پاسخ شکل پذیری سریع‌تری را از خود نشان دهد. اما، مطالعات بعدی نشان دادند که هسته‌های عضلانی ممکن است پایدار نباشند و به‌دنبال دوره‌های بی‌تمرینی از بین بروند. مطالعات اخیر به بررسی سازوکارهای دیگری نظیر اپی ژنتیک در توجیه نظریه حافظه عضلانی پرداختند. به طور کلی، شواهد موجود از ثبات هسته‌های عضلانی در نظریه حافظه عضلانی حمایت نمی‌کند و پیشنهاد می‌شود که شواهد دیگری نظیر اپی ژنتیک در راستای توجیه این نظریه توسط محققین مورد بررسی قرار بگیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عضله اسکلتی؛ هسته عضلانی؛ حافظه عضلانی
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