اهداف: هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثر تمرین هوازی و رژیم غذایی کم‌کالری بر سطوح هورمون‌های رشد، تستوسترون و ترکیب بدن پسران چاق در دوران بلوغ بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق نیمه‌تجربی 53 آزمودنی(17-12سال) براساس بلوغ در دو گروه TS2,3 (kg/m27/4+61/29=,BMI28=n) و TS4,5 (kg/m27/3+54/30=,BMI25=n) قرارگرفتند. سپس هرگروه به‌طور تصادفی به سه زیرگروه تمرین هوازی، رژیم غذایی و شاهد تقسیم شدند. گروه تمرین هوازی به مدت 3 ماه، 3 جلسه در هفته برای 40-20 دقیقه با شدت 85-60 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب دویدند. برای گروه رژیم غذایی، برنامه غذایی کم‌کالری (500 تا 1000 کیلوکالری کمتر از نیاز روزانه) توسط متخصص تغذیه تجویز شد. بلوغ توسط مقیاس تانر، ترکیب بدن با دستگاه Inbody3.0 و هورمون‌های رشد و تستوسترون به روش ELISA اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها توسط آزمونهای شاپیرو-ویلک، tوابسته، tمستقل، تحلیل واریانس دوطرفه و یا معادل ناپارامتریک آنها در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 24 انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد تغییرات هورمون رشد معنی‌دار نبود. اثر تعاملی گروه و بلوغ در افزایش تستوسترون فقط در گروه تمرین هوازی دیده شد(01/0=p)؛ کاهش درصد چربی بدن در دو گروه مداخله دیده شد؛ اما در گروه رژیم غذایی بیشتر بود(001/0=p). همچنین کاهش شاخص توده بدن هر دو گروه تمرین هوازی و رژیم غذایی در گروه TS4,5 بیشتر بود(04/0=p).
نتیجه‌گیری: پیامد مثبت مداخله تمرین هوازی و رژیم غذایی کم‌کالری، کاهش درصد چربی بدن بود که دلالت بر پویایی دوران بلوغ با تغییرات سریع آن دارد. بنابراین بهتر است پسران چاق فرصت طلایی بلوغ، خصوصاً انتهای آن را برای دستیابی به وزن مطلوب غنیمت شمارند. |
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