الگوی طراحی برنامه درسی کارورزی برای تربیت معلّم تربیت بدنی در ایران
پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی
دوره 11، شماره 31 ، تیر 1402، صفحه 233-268 927.59 K )
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22089/res.2023.13477.2303 نویسنده
کاملیا عبدی*
چکیده هدف این پژوهش کیفی، تدوین الگوی طراحی برنامه درسی برای واحد درسی کارورزی رشته آموزش تربیت بدنی در دانشگاه فرهنگیان بود. در طراحی مطالعه، از راهبرد تثلیث و شاخص‌های اعتبارپذیری، اعتمادپذیری، تأییدپذیری و انتقال‌پذیری به منظور افزایش اطمینان‌پذیری یافته‌های پژوهش استفاده شد. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختارمند با ذینفعان دوره‌های کارورزی (13 استاد راهنما، 17 معلّم راهنما، 21 دانشجو معلّم) و تحلیل محتوای اسناد بالادستی و تحولی گردآوری شد. شرکت‌کنندگان با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و مصاحبه‌ها تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه داشت. مصاحبه‌های ضبط شده پس از تبدیل به نوشتار با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای کیفی با رویکرد قیاسی براساس مضامین مدل مبناء (اهداف، محتوا، فعالیت‌های یادگیری و روش‌های ارزشیابی) تحلیل شدند. کدگذاری باز و مقوله‌بندی میانی در فرایند تحلیل محتوا، به استخراج 59 مفهوم اولیه و 11 مضمون میانی منتهی شد که این مضامین در قالب چهار عنصر اهداف (دانشی، نگرشی و رفتاری)، محتوا (پیش‌نیازها، محتوای مبتنی بر دانشگاه و مدرسه)، فعالیت‌های یادگیری (دانشگاه‌محور و مدرسه‌محور) و روش‌های ارزشیابی (زمان، روش و مرجع ارزشیابی) طبقه‌بندی و تشریح شدند. علاوه براین، عوامل اثرگذار بر اثربخشی دوره‌های کارورزی براساس یک پرسش فرعی مورد شناسایی و بحث قرار گرفت (30 مفهوم اولیه در قالب 7 مضمون میانی و 3 مضمون نهایی). یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر بر لزوم کاهش شکاف بین تئوری و عمل، توجه به نیازهای عملی تدریس در کلاس‌های تربیت بدنی و همکاری نزدیک بین مدرسه و دانشگاه در طراحی برنامه درسی کارورزی تأکید دارد. کلیدواژه‌ها
آموزش تربیت بدنی ؛ دانشجو معلّم ؛ تمرین معلّمی ؛ دانشگاه فرهنگیان
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